Utopian Australia Exhibition Curator Request Essay

Utopian Australia Exhibition Dear, selection committee As curator I wish to recommend the inclusion of artworks by Danie Mellor and Cia Guo-Qiang for the upcoming exhibition â€Å"Utopian Australia – the Lucky Country?†. Utopia is defined as â€Å"an imagined place or state in which everything is perfect†. Danie Mellor and Cia Guo Qiang, both explore this idea of transformation through landscape, culture and country, employing symbols, narratives, traditions and materials to convey their own ideas on Utopia. To persuade you in this decision the deconstructing of the artwork, artists, compositional features and the individual meaning of the artwork and why this fits into the theme of the exhibition will be discussed. One of the most unique†¦show more content†¦Danie Mellor, plays a significant role in the Indigenous/ Torres Strait Islander art world, with multiple awards from many different exhibitions. Through his continuing trademark, appearing in many of his artworks, he uses blue and white drawings and mixed media watercolours in ornate gold frames. These help express his concern with his Indigenous heritage and, with imaginative conceptual depth, describe historical incidents in a way that is also strikingly crafted and decorative. Mellor uses these colours in a number of his pieces and there is a clear reference to an imperial heritage and their association with Spode china designs and Britain’s presence in China in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, whilst simultaneously exploring and colonising Australia. It may also serve to demonstrate a growing influence of Asian culture within Australia. Mellor’s ‘Cultural Warriors’, possesses many different themes such as the colonial histories, early European settlement and the destruction of native inhabitants. Each message is conveyed through the use of powerful focal points, in this piece the two big kangaroos fighting, by placing them in the center. Their size compared to the rest of the piece, contrasts therefore accentuating their presence, as though they are characters on a stage in front of a backdrop. The piece has a symmetric appeal. This equality is created through the arrangement of the two kangaroos

Stalin and Mao - 960 Words

Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary School Education History School-based Assessment Task One Study Outline Name of Student : Cheng Ho Wai, Gavin Class : 5A Class No.: 06 Title : Compare and contrast economic policies of Stalin (5 Years Plan) and Mao (First 5 Year Plan Three Red Banners) Study Outline : The first half of the 20th century saw the rise of some single-party states and the rise to power of some of the famous and controversial figures. Leaders of these states, such as Hitler, Mao and Stalin, not only influenced other countries around the world, but also changed their countries internally as well. In Russia and China, Stalin and Mao built themselves up as a great and god-like leaders, they†¦show more content†¦According to the situations of their countries, they announced varies kinds of different economic policies to boost the economy, which affects the country in many different aspects. This gives an interest for me to study how the economic policies affect the whole countrys development. Also, both Stalin and Mao were famous and controversial leaders in the 20th century. They brought success to their countries but also caused harms to it. This topic actually provides a great chance to have an sight into two valuable leaders and quest their ups and downs in USSR and China respectively. Besides that, the world is now protean. Each move or policies of a country can easily influence others. Mao and Stalin both played a significant role in the 20th century world. Therefore, it is interesting for me to explore the content of their economic policies of the two countries. The economic policies of the two communist countries affected the world situation in the early 20th century. Therefore, I aim at finding out how the economic policies affect the country itself and the worlds situation. Also, I aim to find out in what way did the economic policies lead to modernization in USSR and China. Besides that, I will compare the economic policies of Stalin and Mao as to find outShow MoreRelatedCommunism Under Stalin vs. Mao1088 Words   |  5 PagesJosef Stalin and Mao Zedong were both very similar and still quite different. Each of these great leaders wished to transform his country into something new and powerful. Though their methods of rule were not the same, they each were extremely effective leaders and had enormous impacts on his own country. Russia, before Stalin, could absolutely be considered as being a weak and peasant country. China, before Mao Zedong, was attempting, but failing, to modernize efficiently under Nationalism.Read MoreCom pare and Contrast the Economic Policies of Stalin and Mao.941 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast the economic policies of Stalin and Mao. In Russia and China, both Stalin and Mao emerged as almost god-like leaders despite making their respective countries endure harsh programs of reform all economically, politically and socially. Mao can be seen to have adopted the policies of Stalin, both inspired by the Marxist ideologies of Lenin. Both Stalin and Mao recognized the economic backwardness of their respective countries and wanted to use industrialization and collectivisationRead MoreThe Ideals of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao, and Stalin Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pagescountries exist then socialist. On the other hand, Marx’s theory cannot be disproven either because capitalism could possible fail in the future. 3. Lenin and Mao on Violence Lenin and Mao alleged violence was necessary for the transition from a capitalist society to a communist society. To justify this belief, Lenin and Mao refer back to Marx and Engels when discussing what needs to take place when the transition from capitalist society to communist society occurs. According to Lenin,Read MoreEconomic Policies Under Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Mao 1924-1980s764 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Stalin came to power in 1924 Russia was facing several economic problems. Firstly the industrial production was still very low after the hardships of WW1. Secondly a lot of food was needed for the growing industrial population and the export of food would also give an extra raise in economic growth. Stalin’s main policies to face these problems were the five year plans to increase industrial productivity and the collectivization of farms to increase agricultural productivity. In a speech 1931Read MoreWhat Were the Turning-Point Events That Kept Relations Bet ween the Soviet Union and China Hostile for over 20 Years?846 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems. Mao and Stalin had ideological differences. Although Mao and Stalin’s ideologies are based on Marxism, Stalin believed Mao using the peasants as the basis for revolution is not the right interpretation of Marxism. Stalin thought workers in cities should be the basis to lead the revolution. Also, Stalin feared Mao compete against him in the Communist world, so Stalin wanted a weak China and the USSR will then dominate Asia. He made his policies through self-interests. Thus, Stalin wanted MaoRead MoreMao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev1540 Words   |  6 Pages How did the worsening of ideological relations between Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev lead to the Sini-Soviet split in the 1960s? 1. History: The worsening of political and ideological relationship between Mao Zedong and Nikita Khrushchev led to the Sino-Soviet Split. In 1960, China and Soviet Union were believed to be the two largest states with the communist approach internationally (Ross 3). The origin of Sino- Soviet split can be found from the era of 1940’s, when China foughtRead MoreThe Achievements And Policies Of The First Ten Years1385 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernance to make China progressive. However, the progress and policies of the first ten years in China’s history are considered to be influenced by one man; Mao Zedong. Mao was the chairman of the China’s Communist Party (CCP) and the chairman of the People’s Republic of China from September 27, 1954, to April 27, 1959, under the first constitution. Mao brought the Hundred Flowers Campaign in 1956 in order to gain the support of the intelligentsia that would promote his socialistic agenda in Chinese societyRead MoreSino Soviet Spl it Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesnations; especially the ideological differences. Political Long Term * Stalin feared Mao as a rival for the leadership of the communist world * Didn’t want the Cold War to spread to  Asia * Stalin underestimated the CCP * Believed the GMD would be stronger, * Wanted the communists to unite * Even when the victory of the CCP seemed inevitable. * Mao became convinced that Stalin wanted a divided and weak  China  to leave the  USSR  dominant in  Asia. Read MoreEssay about Notions of Power: Animal Farm and Macbeth1257 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Political Power grows out of the barrel of a gun† -Chairman Mao- QUESTION: To what extent does this quote connect to the message regarding power in each of your texts? Write a synthesis essay that deals with the quote above and Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Orwell’s Animal Farm. In your essay ensure that you specifically refer to each of texts including quotes and analysis. â€Å"Political Power grows out of the Barrel of a Gun† The idea of power and especially political power hasRead MoreThe New Democracy Strategy For America s Political And Economic Recovery805 Words   |  4 Pagesdid it fail? The purpose of the Great Leap Forward was to solve the failure of not being able to increase production, which would then benefit the national economy. The land redistribution program for the peasants was positively accepted such that Mao believed that the next step, the Great Leap Forward, would also be successful. Unfortunately, the program failed because the rural collectives did not accomplish the economic and administrative tasks assigned to them. Instead, the program was established

Jesus Christ Superstar Original Show Research Free Essays

Smash Hit Musicals of the Past Century: Jesus Christ Superstar Jesus Christ Superstar was a hit long before it became a musical. The musical was a rock opera concept recording produced as an album before it was staged on Broadway. It is based loosely on the Gospels’ story on the last week of Jesus Christ’s life showing the struggles between Judas and Jesus. We will write a custom essay sample on Jesus Christ Superstar Original Show Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story follows Judas who is not please with Jesus’ rise in popularity because Judas believes Jesus is just a man, not a God and that Jesus being a threat to the Roman Empire will bring trouble to Jesus, his followers and to Judas. Judas eventually ends up giving away the location of Jesus on a specific day helping the Roman soldiers find him and go forth to crucify him. The original production of the Broadway show was back in 1971. It was composed by the ever famous Andrew Lloyd Webber and the lyricist was Tim Rice. The show was directed by Tim O’Horgan and choreographed by Tom Stovall. The producer was Robert Stigwood. The original city for the performance was New York City at the Mark Hellinger Theatre. The original set designer is Robin Wagner and the original costume designer is Randy Barcelo. The four main characters were Mary Magdalene played by Yvonne Elliman, Jesus Christ played by Jeff Fenholt, Judas played by Ben Vereen and King Herod/Merchant/Leper played by Paul Ainsley. The four most well known songs from this musical include â€Å"Superstar†, â€Å"Simon Zealot Poor Jerusalem†, â€Å"Gethsemane† and â€Å"Everything’s Alright†. The show first opened on October 12th, 1971 and closed on July 1, 1973 with a total of 711 performances within that time. The length of the show was approximately an hour and fifty five minutes. The setting of the musical is Jerusalem, house of herod, garden of Gethsemane and many other places during the time Christ was thought to have lived and was preaching the message of God. There were mixed reponses from critics but the loudest were those that though the show went against religious morals and ideas. â€Å"We’ve had some people that feel like it’s in some way sacrilegious because it’s not a traditional robes-and-sandals telling,† was a quote from an executive producer. South Africa went as far as banning the entire show from performing in their country when it first debuted on Broadway. Despite some negative responses, the show went on to be nominated for numerous awards such as the Tony award, the Drama Desk award and the Theatre world award. It won the awards for Most Promising Composer for the Drama Desk award and won the Theatre world award. For the Tony awards it was nominated for best performance by a featured actior in a musical, best original score, best scenic design, best costume design and best lighting design. The film was overall received very well by the public. Perhaps the most interesting thing about the show was the way it was portrayed, the hippie movement and the Jesus movement being put together in one show. Numerous sections of the musical have Judas in groovy outfits with dancing hippie show girls backing him up in choreography and vocals. The original vocalists and actors for the show are seen as the best so far for Broadway versions. The musical also had a hit movie produced with stunning cinematography, wonderful choreography just as seen in the musical and riveting vocal qualities for each song. The film adaption was released in 1973 and was the eighth highest grossing film of that year. It was shot in Israel and other Middle Eastern locations. Ted Neely (playing Jesus) and Carl Anderson (playing Judas) both were nominated for Golden Globe Awards for their acting in the movie. It is obvious why they were nominated when one watches the film and sees their perfect ability to play their fragile characters in a way that show their musical talent, their power and yet the slight comedy behind each scene. They were truly able to show the rising â€Å"celebrity† status of Jesus in a way that somehow still manages to fit in historical information about the betrayal of Judas to Jesus. One may have been worried that the movie might be a slight bit boring in some parts but when I watched it I was not bored at all, in fact I found myself quite captivated by the choreography and the songs. Neely and Anderson kept me very focussed as well because I found their acting quite extraordinary. It is not hard to find yourself singing along to â€Å"Superstar† or â€Å"Poor Jerusalem† or being awestruck by the dance moves done by the mobs. A third film adaption is expected to be released in 2014 set to be directed by Marc Webb. In conclusion, it is quite obvious what made this show such a hit. The elements of small comedy, dance and the storyline made this a musical that was impossible to miss. Whether you loved it or hated it, you had to go see it and tell others about it. The show was able to tell a historical event and turn it into multiple dance and song numbers and even made it fun to watch which the key thing was. It was not the type of musical that would get you on your feet dancing but singing along and being captivated by the characters and their human elements. The relationship between the characters was a big part that played into the success of this show. Not to mention the costume design, that played a huge role as well in setting the stage and idea for the show. It was not a typical show of what Jerusalem looked like but rather a more â€Å"hippie, fun natured† version of it which is what made the audience enjoy it so much. It was not telling biblical stories, it was just a show which made the audience feel like they did not have to have any religious ties or issues with it (even though some chose to anyways) and they could just go and watch it. Perhaps it was the idea that no matter what anyone thought of Jesus, an underlying concept this musical showed was Jesus’ celebrity-like identity and what being a celebrity can do to the celebrity themselves and to their lovers and followers (betrayal, confusion, glory, death) and that just might be the real reason why nobody could seem to get this musical out of their mind. How to cite Jesus Christ Superstar Original Show Research, Essays

Event Management on Earth Hour Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Event Management on Earth Hour. Answer: Description of Earth Hour Earth Hour is an initiative undertaken by World Wildlife Fund for Nature in order to inculcate the values of conserving electricity from 8:30 to 9:30. The major drive behind this conservation is to repay back the gifts planet Earth has bestowed on the public domain (Worldwildlife.org, 2017). The functionalities attach the tag of movement upon the event as it is a struggle of the people in terms of saving the planet. The etymological origin of the event is in Sydney, Australia, in the era of 2007, where lights were put off. In the era of 2009, the movement found companions as 96 countries, union territories and 6 continents joined for the common goal of protecting the planet. As a matter of specification, some of the countries are Germany, New York among others. Not only this, many TV channels such as National Geography Channel Asia, Cartoon Network shunned its airing to become a part of the revolutionary movement (Earthhour.org, 2017). Apart from this, many radio stations such as Mag ic 105.4 FM enhanced the listening skills of the people by airing programs related to Earth Hour. One of the mentionable facts here is the initiatives undertaken by the National Geographic Channel. Instead of showing the regular shows, the channel personnel planned to make the public domain aware about mitigating the excessive consumption of energy. Moreover, the movement is supported by many organizations, such as, National Hockey League, FIFA World Cup, UNESCO, Philips, International Trade Union Conference, and HSBC among others. Assistance from so many countries and organizations add firmness in the purpose of saving the planet Earth (Planetsave.com, 2017). This figure represents the timeline of Earth Hour from 2007-2014. The projection of events in the year wise format enhances the clarity of the readers in terms of enhancing their preconceived knowledge. The main points align with the requirements of the task, which is devoid of any unnecessary information that might lose the purpose of the proposed questions. The events are interrelated with each other. Rather, each event is a result of the other events. As a matter of specification, the rally organized in the year of 2007 was a result of the movement being a grand success. Another noticeable fact in the timeline is the increase in the participation of the countries, towns and cities. Herein, lays the effectiveness and appropriateness of the social media, which attracted the people to join hands in terms of beautifying the planet. Corporations associated with Earth Hour Joint ventures between the native organisation and the associate partners help in the achievement of positive outcomes. Along with this, the joint ventures add firmness in the cause of the movement, which is assistance in preserving the cause of the movement. These aspects also prove true for the movement, Earth Hour. The corporations that assist Earth Hour are: World Wildlife Fund (WWF); Coca-Cola; USAID; Domtar; Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd; Canon; Nokia Siemens Network; Price Waterhouse Cooper; HSBC among others (Planetsave.com, 2017). Along with these, TV channels such as National Geography is also considered to be one of the agency partners of the Earth Hour movement. Radio channels such as Magic 105.4 FM has also indulged into a partnership with the conservation movement of Earth Hour. The joint venture between WWF and Coca-Cola has proved beneficial for the Earth Hour movement. Since 2007, the Coca-Cola Company has undertaken initiatives to preserve the freshness and purity of the freshwater resources such as water basins, catchment areas of the rivers. Along with this, the partnership has enabled the organizers to avert challenges, which degrades the ecological diversity of Nature (Worldwildlife.org, 2017). This initiative has added to the reputational status of the company, aligning with the motto of quenching the thirst of the customers by providing them fresh drinking water. Similarly, HSBC, one of the worlds leading financial institutions, switched off the lights, in order to contribute towards the planet conservation campaign. This initiative was a change in terms of altering the ways of electricity consumption in the businesses (Planetsave.com, 2017). Ambassadors of Earth Hour Ambassadors act as a representative for the public in terms of bringing change. This proves true for all of the events that take place within the society, community among others. Viewing it from other perspective, ambassadors act as sponsorships, which safeguard the organizations from encountering challenging situations. The same is applicable for Earth Hour, an event to preserve the planet Earth. According to the revelations of WWF Global, every year an ambassador is selected for the movement (Wwf.panda.org, 2017). As a matter of specification, in 2008, Smirk, a young boy of 18 was selected as the brand ambassador for the movement. In the year of 2011, Australian beauty, Miranda Kerr was named as the brand ambassador of the Earth Hour. In the year 2013, actress Jessica Alba was selected as the brand ambassador (Wwf.panda.org, 2017). In the year 2016, the charge of Earth Hour went to ambassadors Mikee Cojuangco Jaworski and Marc Nelson (Newsinfo.inquirer.net, 2017). Hollywood star and co-founder of The Honest Company, Jessica Alba was roped in by the organizers of the Earth Hour as the brand ambassador in 2013. The presence of willingness qualifies Alba as the right choice for carrying on the movement. Collaboration of Alba with the other members of the eco-friendly family brand enabled the organizers to promote well being through the means of sustainable development (Wwf.panda.org, 2017). The actress is hopeful that unity and strength between the team members would encourage the people to make usage of eco-friendly products, which would contribute less to the environmental pollution. Her encouragement has enabled the people to make the Earth a better place to live in. Environmental outcome Estimation of the scientists regarding an increase of 2 degree Celsius possesses tendency to prove fatal for the planet Earth as a whole. As a matter of specification, droughts, floods, stormy heat waves are flexible enough for taking a toll on the longevity of the life forms. Moreover, it would make the abodes of humans, animals and plants vulnerable, which would question the existence of life forms on the planet (Edensor, 2017). Typical evidence of this fact is the entrapment of low lying areas by the tidal waves; collapse of the food production among others. In response to these situations, Paris, one of the member countries of Earth Hour, has taken noticeable initiatives. One of this is the Conference of Parties (COP). In this conference, representatives across the globe pledge to regulate the temperature rise below 2oC. The maximum level affirmed for temperature rise was 1.5oC. The net result of this agreement was neutrality in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. By the second half of the century, the scientists were able to keep the temperature below 2 degrees (Khan Borgstrom, 2016). Achievement of success in this direction prevented Greenland and ice sheet of Western coast of Antarctica from melting. The intensity of the movements purpose alarmed each and every country to take preventive measures. This motive contradicts the limitations of Paris. Organizing conferences, meetings reflect the efforts of the organizers in terms of making the people aware about protection for the planet Earth. The plus sign in the logo relates to the action of going beyond the stipulated time for conserving the diversity of the planet. Social media contributions to Earth Hour Social media possesses flexibility to increase the trafficking of the audience towards the events. It is one of an efficient means to convey important information to a large mass of audience at a single time. The same is applicable for Earth Hour movement, which inculcated the values of preserving the planet within the minds of public domain (Wwf.org.hk, 2017). One of this is the Earth Hour Moment Social Media Campaign. The officials of Hong Kong have launched this campaign. In order to become a part, the people need to take selfies of their activities in darkness and upload it on social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram among others (Wwf.org.hk, 2017). These activities increased the number of participants for Earth Hour Campaign. Along with this, every member of Earth Hour is provided with a Starter Kit. The contents of this tool kit are the cover photos, which seems most appropriate with the logo of the movement. The selected photo is used as the cover image for the social networking sites, which acts as a promotional activity for the movement (Earthhour.org, 2017). Apart from this, the installation of technologically advanced software in the members profiles has made the organizers aware about the steps that have been taken in order to protect the planet. According to the statistics, most of the tweet comments have come from US and Canada. Next in list is UK, where the mentions are 2 884, which is 7.07%. The fourth position is attained by India, where the percentile of social media distribution is 5 %. Indonesia attains the last position in terms of social media usage for making the people aware about the Earth Hour campaign (Socialbakers.com, 2017). References Earthhour.org (2017) Corporates and organizations. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://www.earthhour.org/corporates-organisations Earthhour.org (2017). Earth Hour started kit. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://www.earthhour.org/earth-hour-starter-kit Edensor, T. (2017). Lights, City, Action.The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies, 217. Khan, F., Borgstrom-Hansson, C. (2016). Using the Earth Hour City Challenge to identify high leverage points for footprint reduction in cities.Journal of Cleaner Production,123, 42-44. Newsinfo.inquirer.net (2017). Earth-hour-2017-will-stress-role-of-youth-in-climate-issues. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/883636/earth-hour-2017-will-stress-role-of-youth-in-climate-issues Planetsave.com (2017). Earth Hour getting large corporate support. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://planetsave.com/2010/03/22/earth-hour-getting-large-corporate-support/ Socialbakers.com (2017). How-the-earth-hour-social-campaign-made-a-real-impact? Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://www.socialbakers.com/blog/2677-how-the-earth-hour-social-campaign-made-a-real-impact Worldwildlife.org (2017) Partnerships with Coca-Cola. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://www.worldwildlife.org/partnerships/coca-cola Worldwildlife.org (2017). Earth Hour. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/earth-hour Wwf.org.hk (2017). Earth hour moment-social-media-campaign. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from /https://earthhour.wwf.org.hk/en/earthhourmoment-social-media-campaign/ Wwf.panda.org (2017). Actress-Jessica-Alba-Announced-as-Earth-Hour-2013-Global-Ambassador. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?207918/Actress-Jessica-Alba-Announced-as-Earth-Hour-2013-Global-Ambassador Wwf.panda.org (2017). Corporate support swells for Earth Hour. Retrieved 18th May 2017 from https://wwf.panda.org/?190921/Corporate-support-swells-for-Earth-Hour

Analytical Essay Sample on Information Studies Significant Changes

Analytical Essay Sample on Information Studies Significant Changes Free example essay on Information Studies: Developments in Modern technology, means more information, more cheaply and more quickly available than ever before. What are the significance of these changes? Indeed, it can be said that modern technology has allowed for the cheaper and quicker access of information, and indeed, for the increase of information available. But is it fair to say that technology is a consequence of societal changes. Human beings are most dependant on learning than any species . Information is the basis for communication and co-ordination, that is required for any human society. Due to these developments in modern technology, there have been social, economic, political and cultural changes. Although it isnt clear whether these are positive or negative changes. There has been a definite increase in the amount of information available, due to the developments in modern technology. For one, the government has little or no control over the information which passes in or out of the country. There is less censorship and monitoring, and so there are new sources and themes of information, moving freely around the world, via the internet. Also due to the digital information there is an increase in the kind of information that is produced and transported. Finally, perhaps the most obvious point about the increase in information is, modern technology has lead to some great discoveries. It has lead to increased knowledge, of subjects and world mysteries. It is fair to say then that modern technology has indeed, lead to more information than ever before. The introduction of digital information has brought about a decrease in the price of information. The price of information may only cost the price of a floppy disk, or a telephone call. There is also the convergence of the technologies found in households. For example, the radio, television and, tape and c.d. player, are all combined in one system. The cost of accessing information is virtually none existent, with the internet. The cost of accessing almost any information you want is the cost of a local phone call. To show how much the price has decreased it is interesting to notice that, during WW1 there was 3/4 computers in most countries, now, there are computers in almost every home. Yet when all of this is said, is it really that inexpensive. You must buy a computer, a modem and a television, then upgrade with a faster computer and upgrade software and hardware. Due to technology, information is available significantly quicker. There are no geographical limitations, anymore. Information can be received from anywhere around the world, within a matter of seconds of the initial request. For example, the internet, by simply keying in a word, there are numerous pieces of information on that subject displayed in generally under 20 seconds. Digital technology has also lead to the increased speed at which information is distributed. Yet computers are see as some as very fast yet, very stupid adding machines. Dr. Lee Komito. Yet although it may seem that because of this increase of speed, information and the decrease in cost , that all effects of modern technology is positive this is not true as technology has negative factors socially, culturally, politically and indeed, economically. The development of modern technology has brought about significant changes socially. Whether or not these changes are positive or negative is still to be decided. On the positive side the developments in modern technology has made it easier for the people to communicate with each other. There are many ways in which you can contact people, almost instantaneously. For example, normal and mobile phones and e-mails. Modern technology has allowed people to be accessible at all times. Also, the use of answering machines, means that, even though we are accessible at all times, we have more control over who we interact with. So it can be said that technology is moving towards trying to create a better life socially for the individual, as it was said: Dr. Murray Gell-Mann of the California Institute of Technology says that Society must give new direction to technology, diverting it from applications that yield higher productive efficiency and into areas that yield greater human satisfaction. (deNevers, 1972: 17). Yet, perhaps, due to modern technology people spend less time doing certain sociable activities, like shopping, which can be done from the home now. Although it can be said, that this leaves them time for other social activities. Another downside to the social significance of developments in modern technology an increasing number of people dont know there neighbours. This lack of interaction with people in their community leads to a breakdown in community spirit. Economically also the development in technology has made significant changes, for better or for worse. There is an assumption that improved technology automatically brings about more jobs and therefore more money. This is not necessarily true. The improvements in technology can be seen to have made jobs unstable. People need to know less and so they become cheap and replaceable. Also many of the jobs that used to be done by humans are now done by computers. Economically, developments in modern technology does have positive effects, it increases distribution, which inturn increases consumption. This increases the profits for manufacturing companies, and also, it should decrease, cost for the consumer as there is an increased amount of the product produced, but this is not always the case. There are three different sectors, agriculture, manufacturing and services.

The Great Irish Famine Essays

The Great Irish Famine Essays The Great Irish Famine Essay The Great Irish Famine Essay British Government during the great famine of Ireland between 1845 and 1852. It will look at the political Ideology that Inspired the public relief works and how they failed to offer relief from starvation, but instead focused on bringing about social change inspired by largely an anti;Loris sentiment. It will also examine the role of the soup kitchens that were set up to attack famine conditions directly and how this represented and exposed the Governments lies that they in fact could have done more to prevent the deaths of so many. Considered is also the role in which Free Trade had during the famine period, when food was needed most It continued to leave the country, only for the food that did arrive to be highly out of reach for those destitute whys only Income was from the largely unsuccessful Public Relief works. At the turn of 1 840 it was estimated that the population of Ireland stood at approximately eight million. By this time, some 40% of the population were dependent on the potato for food and even employment. When the blight hit Ireland In September 1 845 the consequence for the Irish poor would be devastating, but as he famine of 1782-84 demonstrated, manageable, provided the government responded in the correct way . By late 1846 famine conditions were spread throughout Ireland, but most notably the famine had took on a regional dimension, hitting places worst In the South and West. Already suffering from the effects of decline In trade, poverty was already well planted In places like Cosmonaut, In the West, and Muenster, In the South, years before the blight struck. As consequence, employment moved eastward to Dublin which left many unemployed on the eve of famine. This slump in industry was also evilly felt in Britain following the collapse of the railway and corn trade in 1847-1848. This prompted anti-Irish sentiment when coupled with famine relief. The Times condemned any further British aid to Ireland, labeling It as an unfair burden on England and a misplaced humanity Annihilating Irish self-reliance . This Industrial depression coincided with the failure of the potato crop and was not exclusive to Ireland. It left many out of work and increased their vulnerability to such an unforeseen event, leading to mass destitution . Ireland, under British control from 1 800, was often treated poorly and even referred o as the Prodigal son of the united Kingdom. With many now out of work and beginning to starve, government intervention was desperately needed. Lord John Russell who later became Prime Minister in 1846 Insisted that the responsibility of relief lay on the shoulders of Irish landlords who ought to provide employment for the poor . However, following the severe crop failures between 1845 and 1848, combined with the slump in trade, landlords were more concerned with trying to off load surplus workers teen could Darrel Nora to pay.. Sir John Peel stated to parliament his wish to take advantage of this calamity for introducing among the people of Ireland the taste for a better and more certain provision for their support ND thereby diminishing the chances to which they will be constantly liable, of recurrences of this great and mysterious visitation. He believed that Ireland was full of resources that only required entrepreneurship and a reinvigorated industry to be released and that the potato enabled the Irish population to maintain an alleged lazy and indolent lifestyle leaving no incentive for the Irish farmers to modernis m their agriculture or the economy . Peel was convinced that Irelands problems lay in root of their social backwardness. He saw maize, which would be cheaply imported from America, as a permanent substitute for the potato in the Irish diet, and insisted that the rural poor had to become landless laborers, working for wages on the land of substantial farmers. He was confident that if social reorganization was accompanied by the challenge of free trade, private corn merchants would develop the maize trade after it was freed thus propelling Ireland out of poverty . Following his vision, many local peasants on the brink of destitution were cleared from the lands which offered them shelter and were forced into icebreakers work which was supposed to offer relief, a lack of intervention in the trade industry would allow the continuation of food exports whilst raising the prices of what did enter the country and many would be left to starve as the soup kitchens that proved to be successful in attacking the famine, were shut down due to their lack of social re-organization. Relief in Ireland was more focused on how to reorder society than how to fight famine. The British Government conceded that the Irish poor needed help, motivated by the view that the local landlords had failed in their duty. After little research by George Nicholls, a Commissioner of the English Poor, the new Irish Poor Law was set in place. Based on the old British Poor Law, The aim was not only for providing relief, but was equally, if not more so, set on bringing about much desired social changes in Ireland, whilst also keeping the role of the government to a minimum . The main provisions of the 1838 Act dictated that the country would be split in to one hundred and thirty new unions. Each union must set up a workhouse for its local population, which would be overseen by the Assistant Commissioners who were to implement the act in Ireland, following the extension of the existing Poor Law Commissioners powers to Ireland. They would then create a Board of Guardians in each Union, two-thirds would be elected and the other third was to be appointed. They would also help oversee the collection of a local poor-rate to finance the work house system as well as raise the funds for the assisted emigrations that also took place . By making relief a local charge, the government was able to realize the long- held aspiration that Irish property should support Irish poverty. Sir Charles I reversal commander In cancel AT Tamale reelect was also a strong advocate AT transferring the financial burden for relief on to the Poor Law. He felt that by placing the responsibility upon the local ratepayers, fewer instances of abuse and over- spending were likely to occur . After 1846 the government chose public work as a means of alleviating the distress. This policy was seen as disastrous. The workhouses were designed to house approximately 100,000 destitute people, which fell well short of the 2,400,000 the royal commission had declared in 1836 as to be in a state of poverty. The works were of little benefit to the community, and as mechanism for saving lives they failed massively . Aimed at discouraging pauperism by a harsh regime of work, diet and aggregation by age and sex , the workhouse system suited Sir John Peels vision for social change and long-term improvement in Ireland . A large criticism was aimed at the cost compared to the effect the workhouses had on fighting the conditions of famine. By March 1847 the total cost of the works had reached almost and was generally considered to have been largely squandered, providing neither long term benefit to Ireland, nor short term relief to the poor . During the winter of 1846-47 relief in the work houses was dependent on undertaking hard, physical labor and wages were paid according to labor employed. This put those who were already weak or debilitated by malnutrition, at a disadvantage. In response to the high admittances, wages were grossly inadequate at less than eight pence per day and made what food that was available on the private market unobtainable due to the rising prices thanks to the governments lack of intervention in free trade. The poor and overcrowded conditions of the workhouses also contributed to the spread of fever which added to the death toll brought about by famine conditions. James Hack Take, on a humanitarian mission to Dongle in the inter of 1846, recalls the state of the workhouses he visited. The day before they had but one meal of oatmeal and water, and at the time of our visit had not sufficient food in the house for the days supply. Their bedding consisted of dirty straw, in which they were laid in rows on the floor; even as many as six persons being crowded under one rug; and we did not see a blanket at all. The rooms were hardly bearable for filth. The living and the dying were stretched side by side beneath the same miserable covering. No wonder that disease and pestilence were filling the infirmary and that the pale, haggard countenance of the or boys and girls told of sufferings, which it was impossible to contemplate without pity . I en puddle works were ten single most expensive Item AT Famine reelect prop the British and resulted in a further change of policy . In February 1847 The Temporary Relief Act was introduced and Soup Kitchens were opened throughout Ireland to distribute free food. The significance of their arrival is important for various reasons. Following the slump in industry of 1847 which left many English factory closed, Travelers insisted that the London Treasury did not possess the adequate finances to aid British unemployment, and certainly did not assess the administrative capability or finance to feed such a large number of starving people in Ireland. He also added in response to the public works, that no government had done more to support its poor than Britain had done during the famine years . However, Parliament voted that would be donated to the Temporary Relief act which at its peak saw over 3 million people receive food rations daily, making it individually the most availed of the relief measure. In addition to that, the administrative machinery which supported the system had been assembled in less than two months. This relief scheme contradicted Traversals claims, and proved that the British government did possess the financial and administrative ability to provide direct relief to starvation on a massive scale and in comparison to the public workhouses, at relatively little cost. The soup kitchens were not entirely popular, however, at a public meeting attended by local landowners in Rescission, they criticized the Temporary Relief Act for demoralizing the poor and leaving them free to idleness and acts of crime. As had been a common theme in the Governments handling of the famine crisis, regaining social order would take precedent. The soup kitchens were subsequently closed on the 30th of September. For those now denied the direct relief of starvation, the government ordered that all able-bodied men in receipt of poor relief were to be made to work on the roads as a test of destitution, and were packed back in to the workhouses where deaths reached up to 2,500 per week . Had Travelers been intent only on saving lives, the soup kitchens could have been brought in far sooner and sustained for longer than they were. Instead, he stuck to his political ideology of social reform and insisted that Irish relief was now the turn of the Irish ratepayers . The policy choice made by the government denied people successful relief that had showed to be maintaining improved health in Ireland. The governments denial not only failed to save lives, but allowed mass starvation that had been proven to be commutable to continue . It is also important to consider the role of Free Trade that continued throughout the famine era. John Mitchell a follower of the Young Ireland party who strongly opposed the British and Whig Government often criticized the free role private merchants were allowed to take in exporting Irish resources at a time when every little scrap was needed. He repeatedly made the point that a government ship sailing Into any Rills port Walt Animal corn was sure to meet anal a cozen galling out Walt Irish wheat and cattle . However, this was not entirely correct and in fact during the famine as much food was imported in to Ireland, than that which left it; The Inns Gram Trade 1843-48 on 1000 tons) Year Exports Imports 1843480 15 1844424 30 1845 513 28 1846 1847 284 146 197 889 1848 314 439 Although food did continue to leave Ireland, it also continued to arrive Just as frequently in the years it was required most . But Mitchell sentiments were still the name, why was food allowed to leave Ireland at all? The answer argued by John Percival is that; The export of food to England and Scotland was crucial to the Irish economy Loris farmers depended on the English market for many years and Irish traders had made a good living out of it. Had they not done so, Ireland would have been even poorer than it was, and poverty was also the root of the famine problem The decision by the government not to interfere in Irish trade was motivated by an ideological commitment to free trade. In 1846 the corn harvest was below average, not Just in Ireland but throughout Europe. This meant that there were less surplus foods available for sale. As a consequence, the demand for existing supplies was heavy. The removal of protective legislation set by the British Tories in 1845 allowed other European countries to purchases supplies within Britain and between the years of 1846-49 grain exports to Europe increased. Some of this grain originated in Ireland. At the same time, many European ports were closed to exports in an effort to protect their own supplies. The policy was an attempt to appease Irish merchants, who felt their position had been undermined by the Tory government intervention in he market place in 1845 and to help reinvigorate the Irish economy which could help alleviate the strain felt on the London Treasury help claw Ireland out of poverty. The lack of restrictive legislation and a strong attitude committed to political ideology compounded the problem of food shortages and helped further increase famine conditions . But want tout ten T Tanat was Imported In to Ireland? For tense won required It most, it was often out of reach due to the high prices placed on food following a cumbersome body of legislation, including the Navigation Acts . The effect of this act as to hamper the free movement of goods, and it acted as a ceiling on the amount of food that could be imported into Ireland at any one time. This increased the cost of freight charges on the import ships which in turn increased the cost of the goods being delivered. After the harvest of 1846, they rose to three time their usual rate. In the winter of 1846-47, food prices rose dramatically. They only started to fall in the spring of 1847. By this time, it was too late for many Irish people, whose only source of income had been the low-paid public works where wages were too low to sustain life. In the winter of 1846, both combined, the poor handling of Irish Trade and the lack of finance provided for wages on the public works, left an estimated 400,000 dead, either directly or indirectly, through want of food . It is clear then, that the British Government were more inspired by political and economic ideology than simply trying to fight the conditions of famine. The Irish Poor Law that introduced the public relief, most notable the workhouses, were always destined to fall short due to their lack of capacity to hold those were already confirmed as destitute . Inside the workhouses conditions were appalling. The backbreaking work coupled with shortages of food left the inmates malnourished and left them vulnerable to the spreading diseases which were rife, and thus resulted in high fatalities. For those who did manage to survive and endure stints in the workhouses there was little reward. With so many occupants the wage return for such grueling work was far from rewarding and not enough to live on due to the rising food prices brought about by the governments insistence not to interfere with free trade. Singly the most expensive form of relief, the workhouses had failed to alleviate the distress. In a turn of policy by the Government, Soup kitchens were set up to directly combat starvation. It had proved successful in maintaining life and at relatively little cost -particularly in comparison to the public works- to government. The soup kitchens also exposed the Governments attitude toward Ireland. Travelers insisted that the needs of British industry should come first and that the finance or organization to implement further relief was something the British didnt have. Shortly after this the Temporary Relief act received a injection from parliament to fund the Soup Kitchens. This was less than half the figure that had been spent on the workhouses and took Just two months for the kitchens to be operational. This proved that the government did have the means to offer more to the people of Ireland. Closing the kitchens that had been highly successful in saving lives and combating starvation was a death sentence to many. The government consciously chose to deny people relief that was successful in keeping people alive, thus the closures marked that Travelers was wrong in his insistence that little more could be done. Instead the kitchens Just didnt suit Traversals vision of moral and social order. If the sole intention was to save people from starvation then the kitchens should have been opened sooner and for longer. Trade was also handled poorly in response to famine conditions, but as a part of government policy to Invigorate ten economy was allowed to continue ten export AT much name T supplies. Motivated by the vision that trade could help propel Ireland out of poverty, it continued at a high price. By the time food arrived in Ireland the regulations set in place by the government raised the prices of cargo. For what food that did arrive in Ireland was far too expensive for those in receipt of wages on the public works.

Assess the role of small time Diplomats in the Egypt-Israeli peace Essay

Assess the role of small time Diplomats in the Egypt-Israeli peace making (1970s) - Essay Example The idea of partnership in the Egypt-Israel treaty replaces the emphasis on respect. U.S diplomats also played a crucial role in this treaty (Eisenberg 83). The role small time diplomats played was so effective that they did not need international peacekeepers to help them resolve their problems. Diplomats facilitated cooperation between the two parties such as trade cooperation. The Middle- east, during this period, saw all forms of diplomatic activity (Gat 177). More often than not they even advised the King or president on the formulation of foreign policies, but they would get ignored (Goldschmidt 160). Other than this, there has been a stable import-export cooperation of a limited list of commodities facilitated by diplomats. Egyptian diplomats also facilitated the speed on the agreement terms by giving a due date of agreement, failure to which would lead them to look for other alternatives. (Bar-Siman-Tov 200). The constant exchange of goods and services between the two nations played a critical part in helping them resolve their dispute. Diplomats envisioned the Egypt-Israel treaty based on the ‘reciprocity idea, recognition of each partys national interest. Delegations worked entirely on the basis of diplomats (Rabinovich 40). Therefore, that is to mean that th e treaty creates a narrow zone of demilitarization both on Israels and Sinais side. Diplomats vied for good neighbourly relations that would see the promotion of lasting security. Ephraim Evron was an Israel diplomat who was good at building networks and relationships (Eisenberg 17). However, some Israeli diplomats got banned in Cairo and Amman leaving them to feel isolated (Lukacs 196). The conflict, however, got somehow fuelled by refusal of Egypt to normalize their relationship with Israel (El-Nawawy 13) Religious diplomats also played a critical role in the peacemaking treaty. They did this by promoting interfaith relations that fostered mutual understanding based